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The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated
2025-02-28
The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated as the sum of hydropathy values of all the amino acids, divided by the number of residues in the sequence (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982). According to Kyte and Doolittle (1982) integral membrane proteins typically have higher GRAVY scores than do globular prot
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br Introducing toll like receptors TLRs are
2025-02-28
Introducing toll like receptors TLRs are the most important receptors which are expressed on the cytoplasmic and internal vesicles membrane. They have a similar structure including a leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain which is out of HhAntag membrane, a hydrophobic transmembrane and a toll/inter
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The following are the supplementary data related to this
2025-02-28
The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Competing interest Ethics approval and consent to participate Authors' contributions Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. D. R. Kaplan for kind advice and materials derived from NB primary cell lines, Dr. F. D. Miller f
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br Introduction Arginase deficiency is a rare metabolic diso
2025-02-28
Introduction Arginase deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder resulting from a loss of arginase 1 (ARG1), the final enzyme in the urea cycle, which is the major pathway for the detoxification of ammonia in terrestrial mammals. ARG1 is expressed most prevalently in hepatocytes and red blood cells.
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Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are
2025-02-28
Researchers demonstrated that mitochondria are the main producers of ROS and are the most sensitive to the effects of ROS. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis may not be limited to the role of cytochrome c in the activation of caspase-3 and ROS may provide an alternate mitochondrial signaling pathway (H
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br Material and methods br Results
2025-02-28
Material and methods Results Discussion The present study demonstrates for the first time that Mino selectively induces apoptosis in Jurkat calcium sensing receptor via an H2O2 signaling-dependent mechanism. Structurally, Mino is composed of a C10 and C12 phenol group, C12a hydroxyl group,
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Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins APP
2025-02-28
Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) and of antioxidants have proved to be clinically useful biomarkers of pyometra in different species, including bitches, cows and mares [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]]. Acute phase proteins are being increasingly used in both human and veterinary medi
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Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins APP
2025-02-28
Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) and of antioxidants have proved to be clinically useful biomarkers of pyometra in different species, including bitches, cows and mares [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15]]. Acute phase proteins are being increasingly used in both human and veterinary medi
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br Summary and future br Introduction Androgen activity is
2025-02-28
Summary and future Introduction Androgen activity is critical for a wide range of developmental and physiological responses and is especially important in male sexual differentiation and maturation. The biological activity of androgens occurs through binding to the androgen receptor (AR) and t
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Circular dichroism CD provides useful information about prot
2025-02-28
Circular dichroism (CD) provides useful information about protein structure, the extent and rate of structural changes and ligand binding. CD is a form of light fosaprepitant dimeglumine spectroscopy that measures differences in the absorbance of right- and left-circularly polarized light (rather th
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To date LOX is the only LOX
2025-02-28
To date, 12-LOX is the only LOX isoform that has been identified in the platelet [17]. Interestingly, while 12-LOX is highly expressed (∼14000 molecules/platelet) in the platelet, 12(R)-LOX expression is absent in the hematopoietic lineage and has therefore not been reported to be expressed in plate
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br Discussion Missense mutations transversions of the
2025-02-28
Discussion Missense mutations (transversions) of the first nucleotide of the phenylalanine MK-1775 at position 1174 (F1174) of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene can result in substitutions to leucine or valine (F1174L/V) while missense mutation (transversion) of the second nucleotide of the ph
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Microbe derived ligands can also
2025-02-28
Microbe-derived ligands can also activate AHR. Malassezia, a commensal yeast in human skin, can metabolize tryptophan into several AHR activating compounds including FICZ and ICZ [59]. Lactobacillus converts tryptophan into indole-3-aldehyde (IAld), which can activate AHR and promote IL-22 productio
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In this study in an effort to
2025-02-27
In this study, in an effort to explore the possible role of 5-HT6 receptors in mediating the memory-enhancing effects of YL-0919, we first assessed the memory-enhancing effects of YL-0919 in the Morris water maze, object recognition test and step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, we then inv
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There is also a literature
2025-02-27
There is also a literature on the impact of commodity (consumption) taxation under imperfect competition. Besley (1989) applies a Cournot model, in which production takes place under IRS and in which free entry leads to an excessive number of firms in the market. Introducing a distortive specific co