• Natural progestogens play an important

  2019-10-16

  

  Natural progestogens play an important role in the stimulation of oocyte growth and maturation as well as in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, and they act as sex pheromones in teleost fish (Kime, 1990, Kobayashi et al., 2002, Nagahama and Yamashita, 2008, Scott et al., 2010). A complex series o

• MAPKs are a family of phosphorylating enzymes that

  2019-10-16

  

  MAPKs are a family of phosphorylating enzymes that orchestrate various cellular response in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, stress response, and energy metabolism [11]. There are at least four major members including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activat

• Prostaglandins PGs in particular PGE

  2019-10-16

  

  Prostaglandins (PGs), in particular PGE2 and PGF2α, play pivotal roles in human parturition by stimulating cervical ripening, myometrial contraction and fetal membrane rupture (Challis et al., 1997). In human pregnancy, the amnion is the principle source of PGE2 (Duchesne et al., 1978). In the amnio

• br Introduction Our understanding of

  2019-10-15

  

  Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact with G protein coupled receptors is evolving, particularly the recognition that some have the ability to preferentially activate a subset of intracellular signalling cascades – so called pathway biased ligands [1]. Additionally, it is now acc

• br Experiments and Methods br Results and

  2019-10-15

  

  Experiments and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions Here, the interactions between two newly-synthesized carbazole derivative—cationic δ,δ′‑diazacarbazoles and DNA were characterized by several spectroscopic means, including UV–Vis and fluorescence, AFM and fluorescence imaging. The

• ABH expression is elevated in prostate carcinomas and has be

  2019-10-15

  

  ABH3 expression is elevated in prostate carcinomas and has been referred to as prostate cancer antigen-1 or PCA-1. ABH3/PCA-1 was proposed as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancers, and suggested as a possible therapeutic target [82]. However, the recent studies of ABH2 and ABH3-null mice indicate

• Dose response analysis Fig can be performed on cells

  2019-10-15

  

  Dose response analysis (Fig. 2) can be performed on Senexin A and in culture, in tissue, in animals or even in patients. Many different responses can be measured, including mRNA levels, reporter gene activity, gene product (e.g. enzyme) activity or even physiological functions such as inhibition of

• Not all of the biological activities exhibited by progestoge

  2019-10-14

  

  Not all of the biological activities exhibited by progestogens (Table 1) are mediated via binding to SRs. For example, the anti-estrogenic action of progestogens in the MG 624 pathway is due to the progestogen-bound PR suppressing ER gene expression, and consequently the ability of the cell to respo

• Our results indicate a deregulation of DNA methylation machi

  2019-10-14

  

  Our results indicate a deregulation of DNA methylation machinery during seed development in apomixis. Since DRM2 is targeted loci through an RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway involving 24-nt siRNAs (Stroud et al., 2014, Law and Jacobsen, 2010) and differentially expressed between apomict

• Collectively the results presented here provide new insights

  2019-10-14

  

  Collectively, the results presented here provide new insights into ligand binding, clustering, spatial distribution, and phosphorylation of DDR1b and DDR2 in response to soluble collagen I. As depicted in the cartoon of Scheme 1, we postulate a model in which the spatial distribution and assembly of

• br Clinical trials of CRM inhibitors KPT

  2019-10-14

  

  Clinical trials of CRM1 inhibitors KPT-330 clinical trials have been initiated with promising very early results. One trial includes patients with advanced solid tumors whose disease has progressed after at least one prior therapy for metastatic disease (NCT01607905). Another trial includes patie

• pim kinase inhibitor The interaction of EPAC with Rim has an

  2019-10-14

  

  The interaction of EPAC2 with Rim1 has an important role in regulating neurotransmitter release. In addition, a recent EPAC2 knockout mice model study provides evidence that EPAC2 promotes transmitter release by maintaining the readily releasable pool (RRP) at mossy fiber (MF) synapses in the hippo

• br Transparency document br Acknowledgements We

  2019-10-14

  

  Transparency document Acknowledgements We thank Prof. Barbara Brodsky for valuable comments and discussion. We thank the support of the Tufts start-up fund and the Knez Family Faculty Investment Fund for Y.-S. L, and the Tufts Summer Scholar program for E.C. Introduction Discoidin domain r

• br Introduction Melatonin mainly originates from the pineal

  2019-10-14

  

  Introduction Melatonin mainly originates from the pineal gland (Reiter, 1991) and is well known for its physiological functions in the regulation of circadian rhythms (Cajochen et al., 2003) and as a potent free radical scavenger and broad-spectrum antioxidant in mammals (Paradies et al., 2010, T

• MK-571 sodium salt hydrate and The estrogen receptor ER depe

  2019-10-14

  

  The estrogen receptor(ER)-dependent signaling pathway plays an important role in bone metabolism by restoring the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption [21]. ER has two major isoforms, ERalpha (ER-α) and ERbeta (ER-β), which mediate the effect of estrogen and o

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