• Whilst it has long been appreciated that

  2021-10-20

  

  Whilst it has long been appreciated that Rho-family GTPases are able to signal directly to focal adhesions, it is also becoming increasingly clear that they can achieve this indirectly, through their influence on the extracellular matrix to which the integrins bind. Cdc42 and RhoA have long been kno

• Chronic exposure of cells to cytotoxic

  2021-10-20

  

  Chronic exposure of cells to cytotoxic drugs can result in the selection of multiple phenotypic and genetic changes. Thus, the use of MCF7/VP cells, which were selected for resistance to VP-16, was potentially problematic. However, a thorough characterization of MCF7/VP cells demonstrated that they

• br Discussion This study dedicated

  2021-10-20

  

  Discussion This study, dedicated to Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) receptor H3 and H4 receptors, was carried out on superfused tissues preincubated with 3H-choline or 3H-noradrenaline; electrical stimulation was used to elicit quasi-physiological exocytotic release of the respective transmitter. Si

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br

  2021-10-20

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Introduction Hyaluronan, a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HASs) and degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs) (Vigetti et al., 2014). Physiologically, hyaluronan exists in a form with a molecular weight of

• Hypoxia HIF and Inflammation Cellular responses

  2021-10-20

  

  Hypoxia, HIF, and Inflammation Cellular responses to hypoxia are essential for life and are now recognized to be dysregulated in a wide range of disease processes. The key players in these pathways are a family of transcription factors, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs; see Glossary), as well as

• Financial nonfinancial disclosures The authors have reported

  2021-10-20

  

  Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: The authors have reported to CHEST the following: M. J. A. has received investigator-initiated grants from Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim for unrelated research. None declared (X. D., S. C. D., G. B., N. T. W., J. L. P., J. H., B. E., A. J. L., J. A. B., C. S., C

• br Cholecystokinin CCK CCK is secreted by enteroendocrine

  2021-10-20

  

  Cholecystokinin (CCK) CCK is secreted by enteroendocrine I-cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to amino acids and lipids [14]. There are two forms of the CCK receptor, CCK1 which is expressed on pancreatic α- and β-cells while CCK2 is located on somatostatin-secreting δ-cells [8]. CCK r

• alk pathway In addition to their functional activation of GP

  2021-10-20

  

  In addition to their functional activation of GPR109A, compounds of the pyrazolopyrimidine class also enhanced the binding of nicotinic alk pathway to the receptor. For instance, increased the binding of H-nicotinic acid to the receptor (black curve) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas unla

• Fmoc-His(Boc)-OH.CHA Consistent with these observations impa

  2021-10-20

  

  Consistent with these observations, impaired transduction of the glutamate signal by NMDARs (i.e., NMDA receptor hypofunction [NRH]) by parvalbumin-containing GABAergic inhibitory interneurons is implicated in mediating social deficits, a domain of psychopathology responsible for poor functional out

• Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH australia First class II fusion proteins a

  2021-10-20

  

  First, class II fusion proteins are known to transition from a (homo- or hetero-) pre-fusion dimer to a post-fusion trimer [57], [58], [59], [60], [61], [62] through a monomeric intermediate [63], [64], and a crystalline structure of a monomer of Rift Valley fever virus (a phlebovirus, member of the

• This data is in accordance with our recent

  2021-10-20

  

  This data is in accordance with our recent results on the influence of cholesterol-depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin on platelets (Borisova et al., 2011a). Dissipation of the proton electrochemical gradient of secretory granules by methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not evoke the release of endogenous gl

• Glucose uptake a critical metabolic control point in glycoly

  2021-10-20

  

  Glucose uptake, a critical metabolic control point in glycolysis, is mediated by the GLUT (SLC2) family of integral membrane transporters (Mueckler and Thorens, 2013). GLUT1 (SLC2A1), one of the most well-studied members of the SLC2 family, exhibits a wide tissue distribution; cell surface expressio

• Different responses in feed intake have been noticed

  2021-10-19

  

  Different responses in feed intake have been noticed following administration of exogenous GHRL (peripherally or centrally) depending on animal species. In mammals, injection of GHRL stimulates food intake (orexigenic effect) (reviewed in Kaiya et al., 2013b). In contrast, in domestic birds, exogeno

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction When

  2021-10-19

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction When human red blood cell (hRBC) membranes are depolarized, either as intact salubrinal suspended in depolarizing (low Cl−) Ringers or under voltage clamp conditions using excised inside-out patches, they respond by opening a nonselective voltage-dependent cation (

• Ionotropic aminobutyric acid GABA receptors GABARs belong to

  2021-10-19

  

  Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric PD123319 (GABA) receptors (GABARs) belong to the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) superfamily and play an important role in the rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in nervous systems of both vertebrate and invertebrate (Buckingham et al., 2005). Insect ionotropi

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