• A similar symbiotic relationship has been reported

  2022-01-13

  

  A similar symbiotic relationship has been reported in the brain, where increased gradients of lactate secreted by astrocytes enables neurons to import and use this nutrient, a process referred to the ‘neuron–astrocyte lactate shuttle’ [16]. Similarly, lactate-based metabolic coupling established by

• br Introduction In the treatment of

  2022-01-13

  

  Introduction In the treatment of patients with AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), anti-retroviral therapy (ART), which uses anti-HIV drugs such as protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors and reverse transferase inhibitors, has made a major contribution. There are still some s

• A considerable body of evidence

  2022-01-13

  

  A considerable body of evidence suggests that alcohols, volatile anesthetics and inhaled drugs of abuse act at discrete sites on glycine and GABAA receptors, specifically within circumscribed protein pockets (Mascia et al., 2000, Mihic et al., 1997, Beckstead et al., 2000). An amino AEB071 residue

• GPR can signal through not only IP but also

  2022-01-13

  

  GPR40 can signal through not only IP3 but also cAMP depending upon the type of agonist ligand used. A full agonist engages both signaling mechanisms in contrast to the endogenous long-chain fatty CRT 0066101 (LCFA) ligands and partial agonists. Thus, stimulation of GPR40 by endogenous LCFAs or by t

• GSIs were shown to effectively decrease A levels at

  2022-01-12

  

  GSIs were shown to effectively decrease Aβ levels at doses close to or higher than their IC50 values in cell culture models. Surprisingly, they also slightly increase Aβ levels at low doses, (significantly below the IC50) also known as “Aβ rise”, due to various mechanisms including inhibition of cel

• br Clinical development of FGFR inhibitors in breast

  2022-01-12

  

  Clinical development of FGFR inhibitors in breast cancer The rationale to explore the role of FGFR inhibitors in patients with breast cancer comes from a variety of sources. These include genomic aberrations frequently identified in the FGF/FGFR pathway in breast cancer, the increased sensitivity

• The minimal segment of the SIM appears

  2022-01-12

  

  The minimal segment of the SIM appears to be a core of Physcion residues, which frequently matches the consensus sequences ΨΨΨΨ, ΨxΨΨ, or ΨΨxΨ (where Ψ is V, I, or L and x is typically D, E, S, or T) [29,31,32]. In a subset of SIMs, this hydrophobic core is flanked by serine residues and a stretch o

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Colorectal

  2022-01-12

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC), characterized by high prevalence in elderly people, is one of the most common cancers of digestive tract. CRC severely affects human health and causes enormous social and economic burdens [[1], [2], [3]]. Although public health awarene

• About of human primary melanomas and of melanoma metastases

  2022-01-12

  

  About 67% of human primary melanomas and 56% of melanoma metastases display cytoplasmic or nuclear β-catenin accumulation (Xue et al., 2016). Of note, active β-catenin stimulates emergence of metastasizing melanoma in mice harboring BrafV600E or NrasQ61K hyperplasia (Damsky et al., 2011, Delmas et a

• Reutericyclin br Introduction Erythropoietin EPO is a glycop

  2022-01-12

  

  Introduction Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone and the principal stimulator of erythropoiesis (Jelkmann, 2011). EPO promotes the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells, which is important for oxygen transport. Low EPO levels in blood cause anemia; however, excessive lev

• br To explore further the functional impact of the

  2022-01-12

  

  To explore further the functional impact of the similarity of the UTY and KDM6A proteins, the FANTOM5 human dataset was analysed to determine whether or not the genes were expressed at the same time in the same tissues (which would suggest that they are controlled by the same regulators) or with o

• STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank C Hong R

  2022-01-12

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank C. Hong, R. Huang, and Z. Yu at the HHMI Janelia cryo-EM facility for help with microscope operation and data collection. We thank A. Müller, W. Kan, and W. Weis for help with the SEC-MALS analysis and M. Elazar and J. Glenn for the use of equipment. P. Love

• Our data demonstrate that cobas

  2022-01-12

  

  Our data demonstrate that cobas HCV’s performance characteristics meet these requirements, making the assay useful in the management of therapy for chronic hepatitis C. We documented that cobas HCV has the requisite LOD, measureable range (15 − 1.0E + 08 IU/mL) and precision allowing for baseline HC

• br Material and methods br

  2022-01-12

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion HBV develops several strategies to suppress antiviral immune responses. Here, we used a bifunctional siRNA molecule to silence HBx and activate RIG-I, which induced HBV inhibition partly mediated by RIG-I in HBV-carrier mice. Furthermore, this 3p-siHB

• An interesting question is why RhoF

  2022-01-12

  

  An interesting question is why RhoF has such the slow rate of GDP dissociation. The amino jw products mutations in a presumable GDP-binding site of RhoF had only moderate effects on the GDP dissociation (Fig. 3C), which suggests a mechanism involving the global amino acid sequence of RhoF, rather t

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